基于人工智能目标识别，设计了一款分辨率高、视场角宽的近距离车载前视天塞型镜头。利用ZEMAX软件，通过控制场曲、畸变等几何像差进行参数优化设计，当设计的镜头像方空间F数为3.4，焦距为6 mm，最大视场角为50°，景深为10 m时，得到空间频率107 lp/mm处的全视场调制传递函数均高于0.65，畸变小于0.305%，满足设计要求。最后对镜头的各项公差进行蒙特卡罗分析，结果表明，公差均在可加工范围内，适合常规生产加工和装配。

纤维状结构是生物组织的一种基本结构形式。疾病的发生和演化常常伴随着纤维状结构空间取向的相应变化。对生物组织内纤维状结构空间取向的定量表征方法和主要应用进行了简单综述,着重介绍了空间取向信息在几种重要疾病模型中的研究进展,包括伤口愈合、骨关节炎、乳腺癌、腹膜癌扩散、脑损伤等,并在特定的人工组织模型中探究了组织结构与功能的关系。对生物组织纤维状结构的高灵敏、高精度描述,为研究疾病的发生和演化提供了新思路和手段,有望实现特定疾病的早期诊断和病理机制的深入理解。最后,对该方法的应用前景进行了展望。

多光子显微(MPM)技术通过探测由飞秒激光与生物组织内在成分相互作用而产生的双光子激发荧光和二次谐波等光信号，可实现对组织的无损、非标记成像。MPM具有对组织微结构灵敏度度和可实现高空间分辨成像、对生物组织杀伤性低和成像深度深、能够获取组织的生化信息等优点，在疾病诊断中具有很大的应用潜力。简要介绍MPM的基本原理，总结其在消化道肿瘤、皮肤疾病，以及角膜疾病诊断中的应用，并对MPM的发展前景进行展望。

Precisely distinguishing between hyperplastic and adenomatous polyps and normal human colonic mucosa at the cellular level is of great medical significance. In this work, multiphoton laser scanning microscopy (MPLSM) was used to obtain the high-contrast images and the morphological characteristics from normal colonic mucosa, hyperplastic polyps and tubular adenoma. By integrating the length and area measurement tools and computing tool, we quantified the difference of crypt morphology and the alteration of nuclei in normal and diseased human colonic mucosa. Our results demonstrated that the morphology of crypts had an obvious tendency to cystic dilatation or elongated in hyperplastic polyps and tubular adenoma. The content and number of mucin droplets of the scattered goblet cells had a piecemeal reduction in hyperplastic polyps and a large decrease in tubular adenoma. The nuclei of epithelial cells might be elongated and pseudostratified, but overt dysplasia was absent in hyperplastic polyps. Nevertheless, the nuclei showed enlarged, crowded, stratified and a rod-like structure, with loss of polarity in tubular adenoma. These results suggest that MPLSM has the capacity to distinguish between hyperplastic and adenomatous polyps and normal human colonic mucosa at the cellular level.

Multiphoton microscopy (MPM), based on two-photon excited fluorescence and second harmonic generation, enables direct noninvasive visualization of tissue architecture and cell morphology in live tissues without the administration of exogenous contrast agents. In this paper, we used MPM to image the microstructures of the mucosa in fresh, unfixed, and unstained intestinal tissue of mouse. The morphology and distribution of the main components in mucosa layer such as columnar cells, goblet cells, intestinal glands, and a little collagen fibers were clearly observed in MPM images, and then compared with standard H&E images from paired specimens. Our results indicate that MPM combined with endoscopy and miniaturization probes has the potential application in the clinical diagnosis and in vivo monitoring of early intestinal cancer.

Epithelial cancer comprises more than 85% of human cancers. The detection and treatment at the early stage has been demonstrated to apparently improve patient survival. In this review, we summarize our recent research works on the diagnostic application of epithelial tissue based on multiphoton microscopy (MPM), including identification of the layered structures of esophagus, oral cavity, skin and bronchus tissues, establishment of the diagnostic features for distinguishing gastric normal tissue from cancerous tissue, linking collagen alteration and ectocervical epithelial tumor progression for evaluating epithelial tumor progression, and differentiating normal, inflammatory, and dysplastic ectocervical epithelial tissues. These results provide the groundwork for developing MPM into clinical multiphoton endoscopy.

Skin scar is unique to humans, the major significant negative outcome sustained after thermal injuries, traumatic injuries, and surgical procedures. Hypertrophic scar in human skin is investigated using non-linear spectral imaging microscopy. The high contrast images and spectroscopic intensities of collagen and elastic fibers extracted from the spectral imaging of normal skin tissue, and the normal skin near and far away from the hypertrophic scar tissues in a 10-year-old patient case are obtained. The results show that there are apparent differences in the morphological structure and spectral characteristics of collagen and elastic fibers when comparing the normal skin with the hypertrophic scar tissue. These differences can be good indicators to differentiate the normal skin and hypertrophic scar tissue and demonstrate that non-linear spectral imaging microscopy has potential to noninvasively investigate the pathophysiology of human hypertrophic scar.

Employing nonlinear spectral imaging technique based on two-photon-excited fluorescence and second-harmonic generation (SHG) of biological tissue, we combine the image-guided spectral analysis method and multi-channel subsequent detection imaging to map and visualize the intrinsic species in a native rabbit aortic wall. A series of recorded nonlinear spectral images excited by a broad range of laser wavelengths (730-910 nm) are used to identify five components in the native rabbit aortic wall, including nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), elastic fiber, flavin, porphyrin derivatives, and collagen. Integrating multi-channel subsequent detection imaging technique, the high-resolution, high contrast images of collagen and elastic fiber in the aortic wall are obtained. Our results demonstrate that this method can yield complementary biochemical and morphological information about aortic tissues, which have the potential to determine the tissue pathology associated with mechanical properties of aortic wall and to evaluate the pharmacodynamical studies of vessels.

Two-photon excited spectroscopies from ex vivo human skin are investigated by using a femtosecond laser and a confocal microscope (Zeiss LSM 510 META). In the dermis, collagen is responsible for second harmonic generation (SHG); elastin, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), melanin and porphyrin are the primary endogenous sources of two-photon excited autofluorescence. In the epidermis, keratin, NADH, melanin and porphyrins contribute to autofluorescence signals. The results also show that the SHG spectra have the ability to shift with the excitation wavelength and the autofluorescence spectra display a red shift of the spectral peaks when increasing the excitation wavelength. These results may have practical implications for diagnosis of skin diseases.